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SLR Protocol – Korean Immigrant Parents’ Experiences, Challenges, and Strategies of School Involvement (2001–2021)

Description / Abstract
Pre-registered protocol for a PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic literature review.

Research Questions
1. What are the reported experiences and perceptions of Korean immigrant parents regarding involvement in their children’s U.S. K–12 schooling?
2. What challenges and barriers do these parents encounter?
3. What strategies and educational practices do they employ in response?

Review Type
Systematic literature review with inductive thematic synthesis (Thomas &amp; Harden, 2008)

Eligibility Criteria – Inclusion
• Population: Korean immigrant parents, Korean-American parents, or 1.5-generation Korean parents in the United States
• Context: K–12 education
• Focus: Parental school involvement, engagement, or participation (formal or informal)
• Study design: Empirical studies (qualitative, quantitative, mixed-methods) including Ph.D. dissertations
• Language: English or Korean
• Publication dates: 2001-01-01 to 2021-12-31

Eligibility Criteria – Exclusion
• Non-empirical works (reviews, commentaries, books, Master’s theses)
• Exclusive focus on higher education, early childhood (pre-K only), or non-U.S. contexts
• No direct discussion of parental school involvement

Databases Searched
Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, ERIC (ProQuest), Education Source (EBSCOhost), Sociological Abstracts (ProQuest), SocINDEX (EBSCOhost), ASSIA (ProQuest), PsycArticles (APA), ProQuest Dissertations &amp; Theses Global, Google Scholar (supplementary), RISS (Korean)

Search Fields
Title, Abstract, Keywords (or database-equivalent fields)

Core Search String (adapted per database)
("Korean immigrant parent*" OR "Korean American parent*" OR "1.5 generation Korean parent*") 
AND ("school involvement" OR "school engagement" OR "school participation" OR "parental involvement") 
AND (experience* OR perception* OR challenge* OR barrier* OR difficult* OR strateg* OR practice* OR recommendation*)

Supplementary Searches
• Hand-searching of reference lists of included studies
• Forward citation searching (Scopus &amp; Web of Science)

Study Selection &amp; Data Extraction
• Duplicates removed using EndNote and manual verification
• Two-stage screening by three independent reviewers
• Inter-rater reliability reported (Cohen’s kappa)
• Extracted items: author, year, location, sample, methodology, key findings

Data Synthesis
Inductive thematic synthesis (Thomas &amp; Harden, 2008) in three stages

Registration &amp; Transparency
This protocol was registered and made publicly available on the Open Science Framework on 22 November 2025.

Deviations from Protocol
Minor additions: ASSIA and RISS were included to ensure coverage of applied social sciences and Korean-language literature. All other procedures followed the pre-specified plan. These additions are fully documented in the published manuscript."""^^rdf:string ;
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